Understanding Andrology and Its Role in Male Fertility
Andrology is a specialised field of medicine that focuses on male reproductive health and associated conditions. While fertility challenges are often assumed to stem from female factors, male infertility accounts for nearly 40–50% of cases. Seeking the expertise of an andrologist can be crucial in diagnosing and treating underlying issues that may affect conception.
When Should You See an Andrologist?
Many men are unaware of when to consult a specialist for fertility concerns. If you and your partner have been trying to conceive for over a year without success, an andrology consultation may help identify potential causes. Some key signs that indicate a need for evaluation include:
- Low Sperm Count or Poor Sperm Quality – If a semen analysis reveals low sperm concentration, motility issues, or abnormal morphology, an andrologist can determine possible causes and recommend treatment options.
- Erectile Dysfunction (ED) or Ejaculatory Disorders – Issues with sexual function, such as difficulty maintaining an erection or premature ejaculation, can hinder natural conception.
- Hormonal Imbalances – Conditions such as low testosterone levels can impact sperm production and overall fertility.
- History of Infections or Surgeries – Past infections like mumps or surgeries involving the reproductive organs can contribute to male infertility.
- Lifestyle-Related Concerns – Excessive smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and stress can affect sperm health. An andrology expert can offer guidance on lifestyle modifications to improve fertility outcomes.
Diagnosing Male Infertility: The Andrology Approach
An andrologist employs several diagnostic tests to assess male fertility. These include:
Semen Analysis and Sperm Function Tests
One of the first steps in evaluating male fertility is a semen analysis, which measures sperm count, motility, and morphology. Additional tests, such as DNA fragmentation analysis, assess the genetic integrity of sperm.
Hormone Testing
Hormonal imbalances, particularly involving testosterone, Prolactin, Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and Luteinising hormone (LH), can impact sperm production and sexual function.
Genetic Testing and Advanced Evaluations
Certain genetic conditions, such as Klinefelter syndrome or Y-chromosome microdeletions, may affect sperm production. Genetic tests help identify these conditions and guide treatment planning.
Ultrasound and Imaging Studies
Scrotal ultrasound is used to check for varicoceles (enlarged veins in the scrotum) or structural abnormalities that could affect sperm transport.
Treatment Options for Male Infertility
Once a diagnosis is established, an andrologist may recommend different treatment approaches depending on the underlying cause:
- Medications and Hormonal Therapy – If hormonal imbalances are affecting sperm production, medications like gonadotropins or testosterone replacement therapy may be prescribed.
- Surgical Interventions – Conditions such as varicoceles or blockages in the reproductive tract may require surgical correction.
- Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) – In cases where natural conception is challenging, treatments like intrauterine insemination (IUI) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can be considered.
- Lifestyle Modifications – A healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding harmful substances can significantly enhance male fertility.
Conclusion: Seeking the Right Help for Male Infertility
If you are facing difficulties in conceiving, consulting an andrology specialist can provide clarity and tailored treatment options. At Milann Fertility Centre, our experts are dedicated to offering advanced diagnostics and comprehensive care to help couples achieve their dream of parenthood. Schedule a consultation today to explore your options and take the next step towards building your family.
Reviewed by
Dr. Praveen B Joshi - Andrologist, Urologist and Urological Surgeon Kumara Park, J P Nagar, Indiranagar, Whitefield, & HSR Layout.
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