When it comes to planning for a family, fertility plays a vital role. Male fertility is a significant factor, yet it is often overlooked until challenges arise. One critical but often under-discussed aspect is how sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can affect male reproductive health. Understanding this connection is essential for those navigating their fertility journey, including couples seeking assistance at leading IVF centres like Milann Fertility Centre, known for its comprehensive care in Bangalore.
Understanding Male Fertility and Its Challenges
Male infertility is a complex issue with numerous underlying causes, including genetic factors, lifestyle choices, and medical conditions. Among these, STIs can have a profound impact. While infections like chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and HIV are well-known, their effects on male fertility are often underestimated.
At renowned IVF clinics, such as the best IVF centres in Bangalore, addressing male infertility causes is a routine part of fertility evaluations. The expertise of specialists, including the best andrologists in Bangalore and Delhi, ensures that patients receive thorough assessments and tailored treatments.
How STIs Affect Male Fertility
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Inflammation and Obstruction of the Reproductive Tract
STIs like chlamydia and gonorrhoea can cause inflammation in the reproductive tract, particularly the epididymis and urethra. This inflammation may lead to scarring and blockages, which obstruct the passage of sperm. If left untreated, these infections can cause conditions like epididymitis and urethritis, directly affecting sperm transport.
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Sperm Quality and DNA Damage
Chronic or untreated STIs can adversely affect sperm quality. Studies show that infections may reduce sperm motility and concentration, leading to suboptimal sperm parameters. Additionally, some infections, such as those caused by herpes simplex virus and HIV, can induce oxidative stress, resulting in sperm DNA damage.
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Testicular Damage
Certain STIs, such as mumps (which is preventable through vaccination), can cause orchitis—swelling of one or both testicles. Severe cases of orchitis may lead to permanent testicular damage, compromising sperm production.
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Immunological Responses
Chronic STIs can trigger an immune response where the body produces antibodies against its sperm cells, a condition known as anti-sperm antibodies. This autoimmune reaction can reduce fertility by impairing the ability of sperm to reach and fertilise an egg.
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Impact on Hormonal Balance
Some infections affect the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to hormonal imbalances. For example, HIV can indirectly disrupt testosterone levels, which are essential for sperm production and libido.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Recognising the symptoms of STIs early is crucial for preventing long-term complications. Symptoms such as pain during urination, unusual discharge, or testicular pain should not be ignored. Consultation with the best andrologist in Bangalore or Delhi can help identify the infection and its effects on fertility.
Treatment often involves antibiotics or antiviral medications, depending on the specific STI. In cases where fertility has been compromised, advanced techniques like sperm retrieval procedures, IVF, or ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) may be recommended by fertility experts.
Role of IVF Clinics in Supporting Male Fertility
IVF centres like Milann Fertility Centre offer state-of-the-art facilities to support couples struggling with infertility. These centres specialise in treatments for male infertility causes, including those resulting from STIs. The IVF process may involve advanced diagnostics, including DFI testing, hysteroscopy treatments for female partners, and procedures to optimise sperm quality.
For those considering assisted reproductive techniques, choosing the right IVF centre near you is critical. Milann Fertility Centre, often recognised as one of the best maternity hospitals in Bangalore and the best gynaecologist hospital in Bangalore, provides holistic care under one roof.
Preventing the Impact of STIs on Fertility
Prevention remains the best approach to minimising the impact of STIs on fertility. Here are some key steps:
- Regular Screening: Routine STI screening is essential, especially for sexually active individuals.
- Safe Sexual Practices: Consistent use of protection and open communication with partners can reduce the risk of infections.
- Early Treatment: Prompt treatment of STIs can prevent long-term complications.
- Vaccination: Vaccines like the HPV vaccine can protect against certain infections linked to infertility.
When to Seek Help
If you’ve been trying to conceive without success for over a year, it’s time to seek help. Milann Fertility Centre, a trusted name in reproductive health, offers personalised care for male and female infertility causes. With access to the best andrologists in Bangalore, the best gynaecologists in Bangalore, and cutting-edge technology, the clinic ensures comprehensive support throughout your fertility journey.
Additionally, understanding the IVF treatment cost and available options at leading IVF clinics can help couples plan effectively.
The Path Forward
Infertility is a sensitive issue but advances in medical science and the support of expert care can make a significant difference. Whether it involves addressing male infertility causes through medical treatments or opting for assisted reproductive techniques like IVF, the right guidance is invaluable.
If you’re searching for the best IVF centre near you, Milann Fertility Centre stands out as a beacon of hope for couples. By prioritising regular health check-ups, practising safe behaviours, and seeking expert advice early, you can protect your fertility and take confident steps towards parenthood.
Reviewed by
Dr. R Suchindra - Senior Consultant - Reproductive Medicine, Milann - Indiranagar.