Uterine fibroids are a common yet often misunderstood condition affecting many women of reproductive age. While they are usually benign, fibroids can cause a range of symptoms that impact quality of life, including heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and complications with fertility. Fortunately, advancements in medical technology and treatment options have improved the way uterine fibroids are diagnosed and managed today.
What Are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. Their size and number can vary widely; some women may have a single, small fibroid, while others experience multiple large ones. Though the exact cause remains unclear, factors such as genetics, hormonal imbalances, and lifestyle may contribute to their development.
How Are Uterine Fibroids Diagnosed?
Identifying uterine fibroids early can help in managing symptoms effectively. Several diagnostic tools are available:
- Ultrasound Scan – A transabdominal or transvaginal ultrasound is the most common first step in diagnosing fibroids. It helps visualise the uterus and detect fibroids' size and location.
- Anomaly Scan – While primarily used during pregnancy, an anomaly scan can sometimes identify fibroids, particularly if they impact the uterine lining.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) – For a more detailed view, an MRI scan provides high-resolution images, helping doctors distinguish fibroids from other uterine abnormalities.
- Hysteroscopy Treatment – A minimally invasive procedure where a small camera is inserted into the uterus to examine fibroids within the uterine cavity.
- Sonohysterography – This test involves filling the uterus with saline solution before conducting an ultrasound, which helps highlight fibroids inside the uterine cavity.
Can Uterine Fibroids Affect Fertility?
While not all fibroids interfere with fertility, some may impact conception and pregnancy. Fibroids that alter the shape of the uterine cavity can make embryo transfer difficult during IVF treatment. Additionally, fibroids near the fallopian tubes may obstruct the passage of eggs, contributing to female infertility.
Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, the size and location of fibroids, and a woman's reproductive goals. The main options include:
1. Medications
Certain drugs can help manage symptoms:
- Hormonal Birth Control – Reduces heavy menstrual bleeding but does not shrink fibroids.
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonists – Temporarily shrink fibroids by lowering oestrogen levels.
- Non-Hormonal Medications – Pain relievers and antifibrinolytics help control symptoms without affecting hormones.
2. Non-Surgical Procedures
- Uterine Fibroid Embolisation (UFE) – A minimally invasive technique that cuts off the blood supply to fibroids, causing them to shrink.
- MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery (MRgFUS) – Uses ultrasound waves to destroy fibroids without incisions.
3. Surgical Treatments
For larger or more problematic fibroids, surgery may be necessary:
- Myomectomy – Removes fibroids while preserving the uterus, an option for women planning pregnancy.
- Hysterectomy – The complete removal of the uterus, recommended in severe cases where childbearing is no longer a concern.
Uterine Fibroids and IVF Treatment
Many women diagnosed with uterine fibroids turn to IVF when natural conception becomes challenging. Fibroids that distort the uterus can interfere with embryo transfer, reducing the success rate of the IVF process. Before proceeding with IVF treatment, doctors at leading IVF clinics, such as Milann Fertility Centre, may recommend a hysteroscopy treatment or myomectomy to improve the chances of a successful pregnancy.
Cost Considerations for Fibroid Treatment and IVF
Many women considering treatment for fibroids also seek information on IVF treatment costs. The expenses vary depending on the type of procedure, hospital, and required follow-ups.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience persistent pelvic pain, prolonged menstrual bleeding, or difficulty conceiving, consult a fertility specialist. The best hospitals in Bangalore and top IVF centres provide comprehensive care to help women manage fibroids effectively.
Conclusion
With advancements in medical care, diagnosing and treating uterine fibroids has become more efficient and less invasive. From ultrasound scans and anomaly scans to hysteroscopy treatments and IVF procedures, multiple options exist to help women manage fibroids while maintaining their fertility. If you’re experiencing symptoms, seeking guidance from a reputed IVF centre near you, like Milann Fertility Centre, can help you explore the best treatment options tailored to your needs.
Reviewed by
Dr. Sandhya Mishra - Consultant - Reproductive Medicine - Obstetrics and Gynecology Indiranagar, Whitefield.
