Pregnancy is a profound journey, marked by physical and emotional milestones that culminate in the birth of new life. For surrogate mothers, this journey carries an added layer of responsibility as they carry a child on behalf of someone else. Surrogacy offers a life-changing solution for many couples and individuals unable to conceive, but it’s important to acknowledge that, like any pregnancy, surrogacy may come with its own set of risks and complications. At Milann Fertility Centre, we believe in empowering surrogates and intended parents with comprehensive information, allowing them to make informed and thoughtful decisions on their journey together.
Understanding Surrogacy and the Role of the Surrogate Mother
Before diving into the potential risks, let’s first clarify the surrogacy process. In most cases, gestational surrogacy is used, meaning the surrogate carries an embryo created from the intended parents' or donors' genetic material. This approach allows the surrogate to act as a “gestational carrier,” not sharing genetic links to the baby. The surrogate takes on an essential role, offering the intended parents the chance to fulfill their dream of parenthood, and in return, she is provided with emotional and medical support throughout the process.
Potential Physical Risks for Surrogates
Like any pregnancy, surrogacy has associated physical risks. Though the surrogate undergoes thorough medical screening to ensure she is a healthy candidate, complications can still arise. Here are some of the most common potential risks:
- Morning Sickness and Hyperemesis Gravidarum (Severe Nausea)
Morning sickness is a familiar part of pregnancy, but some women experience an extreme form called hyperemesis gravidarum. This can lead to severe dehydration, malnutrition, and weight loss, requiring medical intervention and sometimes hospitalisation.
- Gestational Diabetes
Surrogates, like any expectant mother, may develop gestational diabetes, a condition that arises when the body cannot produce enough insulin during pregnancy. If left unmanaged, gestational diabetes can lead to excessive birth weight, preterm birth, and an increased likelihood of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.
- Pre-eclampsia and High Blood Pressure
Pre-eclampsia is a potentially serious condition characterised by high blood pressure and damage to organs, often the liver or kidneys. Surrogates with pre-eclampsia require close monitoring and may face the risk of early delivery to ensure the safety of both mother and baby.
- Placenta Previa and Placental AbruptionPlacenta previa, where the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, can cause bleeding during pregnancy and complications during delivery. Similarly, placental abruption, where the placenta detaches from the uterine wall, is a risk that demands immediate medical attention.
- Premature Labor and Delivery
Although many surrogate pregnancies reach full term, there is a risk of premature labor. A preterm delivery can result in additional health concerns for the surrogate, as well as the baby, including respiratory complications and developmental challenges.
Potential Emotional and Psychological Impacts of Surrogacy
The emotional aspect of surrogacy cannot be understated. Although surrogates receive thorough psychological evaluations beforehand, the journey can still be mentally and emotionally taxing. Below are some emotional challenges that surrogates may encounter:
- Attachment and Separation Anxiety
Surrogates may develop a bond with the baby they’re carrying, leading to feelings of loss or separation anxiety after delivery. Despite a clear understanding of their role, parting with the baby can bring mixed emotions, making post-delivery support essential.
- Hormonal Shifts and Postpartum Depression
After giving birth, all women experience hormonal shifts, which can lead to feelings of sadness or anxiety. In some cases, surrogates may experience postpartum depression, particularly if they feel a lack of closure or emotional support.
- Family and Social Impacts
Surrogates may face unique challenges in explaining their role to family members, children, or friends who may not fully understand or support the decision. This can sometimes lead to feelings of isolation or the need to defend their choice to help another family.
Infection Risks in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
Surrogacy often involves IVF (in vitro fertilisation), which can present risks of infection associated with medical procedures. Procedures such as embryo transfer and hormone therapy require careful medical oversight to avoid:
- Urinary Tract and Pelvic Infections
Hormone therapies and physical procedures may lead to infections in the urinary tract or pelvis, which require prompt treatment to avoid further complications.
- Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS)
Although more common in egg donors, surrogates who undergo hormonal treatment for embryo transfer could experience OHSS, where the ovaries swell and cause pain, nausea, and bloating. Severe cases may need hospitalisation for symptom management.
Supportive Measures for Surrogates During Pregnancy
At Milann Fertility Centre, we understand that supporting surrogates means prioritising both physical and emotional well-being. Here’s how we make sure every surrogate receives optimal care:
- Comprehensive Medical Support and Monitoring
Each surrogate undergoes regular check-ups, ultrasounds, and lab tests to monitor the pregnancy’s progression and catch potential issues early. Nutritional guidance, mental health counseling, and round-the-clock access to medical support also form part of the standard care package.
- Mental Health and Counseling Services
Professional mental health support is essential for addressing the emotional aspects of surrogacy. Milann provides surrogates with access to licensed counselors trained to handle the unique challenges they may face. Surrogates are encouraged to attend group sessions, online forums, or one-on-one therapy as needed.
- Tailored Postpartum Care
Care doesn’t end after birth. Postpartum support is crucial to helping surrogates physically recover and navigate the complex emotions that may arise after delivery. Tailored postpartum plans at Milann include follow-up visits, counseling, and support groups designed to make the transition as smooth as possible.
Empowering Surrogates with Knowledge and Support
The surrogacy journey is filled with beauty, challenges, and responsibility. At Milann Fertility Centre, we are committed to empowering surrogates with the knowledge they need to make informed decisions. By offering comprehensive care, personalised support, and access to a range of medical resources, we ensure that each surrogate feels valued and supported throughout this life-changing journey.
Final Thoughts
Surrogates play a remarkable role in creating families, one that deserves acknowledgment and respect. While the path may come with challenges, surrogates are equipped with the tools, guidance, and care they need to overcome these risks safely.
If you’re considering surrogacy or want more information about becoming a surrogate, Milann Fertility Centre is here to answer your questions, provide insights, and support you every step of the way. Together, let’s make dreams of family a reality.
Reviewed by
Dr. Varini N - Sr. Consultant - Obestetrician & Gynaecologist, Milann - Kumara Park.
